Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaSlide 1/17Chapter 1: Introduction to ComputersRef Page Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaSlide 2/17Chapter 1: Introduction to ComputersRef Page Learning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesIn this chapter you will learn about: Computer Data processing Characteristic features of computers Computers evolution to their present form Computer generations Characteristic features of each computer generation01Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaSlide 3/17Chapter 1: Introduction to ComputersRef Page The word computer comes from the word compute, which means, to calculate Thereby, a computer is an electronic device that can perform arithmetic operations at high speed A computer is also called a data processor because it can store, process, and retrieve data whenever desiredComputerComputer01Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K.
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Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaSlide 4/17Chapter 1: Introduction to ComputersRef Page Data ProcessingData ProcessingThe activity of processing data using a computer is called data processingDataCapture DataManipulate DataOutput ResultsInformationData is raw material used as input and information is processed data obtained as output of data processing01Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K.
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Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaSlide 5/17Chapter 1: Introduction to ComputersRef Page 1) Automatic: Given a job, computer can work on it automatically without human interventions2) Speed: Computer can perform data processing jobs very fast, usually measured in microseconds (10-6), nanoseconds (10-9), and picoseconds (10-12)3) Accuracy: Accuracy of a computer is consistently high and the degree of its accuracy depends upon its design. Computer errors caused due to incorrect input data or unreliable programs are often referred to as Garbage-In-Garbage-Out (GIGO)(Continued on next slide)Characteristics of ComputersCharacteristics of Computers02Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaSlide 6/17Chapter 1: Introduction to ComputersRef Page 4) Diligence: Computer is free from monotony, tiredness, and lack of concentration. It can continuously work for hours without creating any error and without grumbling5) Versatility: Computer is capable of performing almost any task, if the task can be reduced to a finite series of logical steps6) Power of Remembering: Computer can store and recall any amount of information because of its secondary storage capability. It forgets or looses certain information only when it is asked to do so(Continued from previous slide.)Characteristics of ComputersCharacteristics of Computers(Continued on next slide)02Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K.
Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaSlide 7/17Chapter 1: Introduction to ComputersRef Page 7) No I.Q.: A computer does only what it is programmed to do. It cannot take its own decision in this regard8) No Feelings: Computers are devoid of emotions. Their judgement is based on the instructions given to them in the form of programs that are written by us (human beings)(Continued from previous slide.)(Continued on next slide)Characteristics of ComputersCharacteristics of Computers03Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaSlide 8/17Chapter 1: Introduction to ComputersRef Page Evolution of ComputersEvolution of Computers Blaise Pascal invented the first mechanical adding machine in 1642 Baron Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz invented the firstcalculator for multiplication in 1671 Keyboard machines originated in the United States around 1880 Around 1880, Herman Hollerith came up with the concept of punched cards that were extensively used as input media until late 1970s03Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K.
Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaSlide 9/17Chapter 1: Introduction to ComputersRef Page Charles Babbage is considered to be the father of modern digital computers He designed Difference Engine in 1822 He designed a fully automatic analytical engine in 1842 for performing basic arithmetic functions His efforts established a number of principles that are fundamental to the design of any digital computer(Continued from previous slide.)(Continued on next slide)Evolution of ComputersEvolution of Computers03Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K.
Sinha & Priti SinhaSlide 10/17Chapter 1: Introduction to ComputersRef Page Some Well Known Early ComputersSome Well Known Early Computers The Mark I Computer (1937-44) The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (1939-42) The ENIAC (1943-46) The EDVAC (1946-52) The EDSAC (1947-49) Manchester Mark I (1948) The UNIVAC I (1951)03Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaSlide 11/17Chapter 1: Introduction to ComputersRef Page Generation in computer talk is a step in technology.
It provides a framework for the growth of computer industry Originally it was used to distinguish between various hardware technologies, but now it has been extended to include both hardware and software Till today, there are five computer generationsComputer GenerationsComputer Generations(Continued on next slide)05Computer Fundamentals: Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti SinhaComputer Fundamentals: Pradeep K.